To know your ip address , you can use the command ifconfig
You will know the ip address for each of your network interfaces.
But if you are not directly connected to the internet and use a Gateway that’s nating the internet traffic for you , ifconfig is not going to be helpful to know the ip that connect you to the internet.
with this command the current external ip address associated with you default gateway will display
When you do some bash scripting , this is often useful to get data from webserver because they are a very simple way to exchange data from computer from computer.
to put the data that’s available on a webserver into a $var you just have to use the command :
this will fetch the data from http://server.com/file.htm in a non verbose way and put it in variable named var .
you can now do whatever you want with that $var , like greping it for example.
In a bash script if you find yourself with values presented that way
you might want to keep only the second or third of this values that are separated by the : character
like always , in bash there is a lot of ways to accomplish that , but i like to use a one that use the AWK utility because it’s very easy to read and understand.
my list of value is contained in a var name $var let’s extract the third value which is 18.5
Will return the value 18.5
but i can do some math operation in the utility, like :
this will return 326.5 the result of 345 – 18.5
awk is a fast and powerful text editor , there is a lot things you can do with it.
you downloaded the iso of some distrib and you want to make a flash thumbdrive bootable by writing the ISO on the thumb ,
a simple copy and paste is not going to work :
On linux , there is a very simple command line utility to do just that.
first plug your usb thumbdrive on your computer , it will probably automount.
you need to unmount that drive before continuing.
to find out the name of thumbdrive , you can type :
You will get a result that look like that
/dev/sda1 on /media/flash type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,errors=continue)
my flash drive is mounted at /media/flash the name of the device is /dev/sda
to unmount the drive , jsut do a :
then you need to
after a little while , the utility will exist
your thumbdrive is now a bootable thumbdrive.
For example in a bash script you need to delete one or more word from the string , you can use sed to do just that
sed is searching for “word to delete” and replacing it with nothing ,
you can of course pipe to that command ,
example :
the var $visitor contain the string : ‘current number of users: 234’
But only the number (234) is usefull to you ,
your can do :
the result is going to be : 234
Let’s say you need to change you ip address because there was a change on the network and now ip settings changed,
you can at anytime request with the command : ‘dhclient‘ a new address to a dhcp server ,
if you only have a single network adapter, the command is very simple
just launch the command
to release the address currently associated to you
then just launch
and you computer will broadcast a dhcp request
if you have multiple adapter ,
you can do
dhclient wlan0[/code]
to spécify that you want a new ip address for you wlan0 adapter
by default the command dhclient is silent , meaning that you will not get any information about what the dhcp server answered.
to add verbosity to the command , just add a -v parameter
If you need a convenient way to store the date in a database you will certainly use the unix format.
it’s very convenient because it doesn’t change notation from country to country.
You can later convert it back to a format that’s human readable.
in a shell on linux if you wish to display the current unix time. just type
date +%s
But if you need the unix time for a specific date ,
date –d=’03/14/2016 00:00:01′ +%s
or
date –d=’14 march 2016 00:00:01′ +%s
There is also the function to input an interval
date –d ‘1 hour ago’ +%s
date –d ‘1 month ago’ +%s
Sometime when you grep a file on Linux you need to not only display the line where the result is found but also several lines before or after the match.
Grep as a useful function permitting you to do just that.
Let’s take an example file.
file.txt:
Title : login issue
Ticket number : 16417
Details : user password is no longer working.Title : Broken keyboard
Ticket number : 16418
Details : the space key on the user keyboard no longer work
If the file is list of hundreds of this informations and you need to see only the information related to ticket 16417 you need to
cat file.txt|grep 16417
Will only return the result Ticket number : 16417 living out the useful informations
If you need to display a line after the grep match
cat file.txt| grep -A1 16417
will return :
Ticket number : 16417
Details : user password is no longer working.
But there is also useful information before the match
You can associate the 2 options to display the line after and before
cat file.txt| grep -A1 -B1 16417
this will return all the information i need :
Title : login issue
Ticket number : 16417
Details : user password is no longer working.
On linux you have the ability to mount network share as they were part of your local storage ,
On debian , you need to have a package named cifs-utils specialised to mount network share.
after installation of the package using the command :
apt-get install cifs-utils
You have to create a folder to attach the mount to
mkdir /media/netsharemount -t cifs "//host-of-the-share/disk/" /media/netshare -o guest,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777
if you have to identify yourself to use the network share the command is slightly different :
mount -t cifs "//host-of-the-share/disk/" /media/netshare -o user=username,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777
the system should ask you for your password
to check if you mount was successfull , you can check the mount using
df
If you run a linux server with with a ssh service on the TCP port 22 , you are likely to get bombarded by automated login attempt by hundreds and hundreds of bots
You can look at the file getting created by launching
tail -f /var/log/auth.log | grep Failed
the first thing you can do to stop that is to change the default port user by the SSH service on you linux server
for this you just have to edit the config file : /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Find the following lines
# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22
And put the new port on which you would like to run your OpenSSH server.
After this little change restart the ssh service with the command
service ssh restart
You should see that the numerous and constant attacks sould instantly stop.
Security by obscurity is still security.